A Detailed Study of the Elements of Visual Design

Elements are the building blocks of a graphic design.

Study the PDF below (for academic use only)

DOT: The smallest unit of a design/image/art. It is the visual element upon which all others are constructed.

LINE: A line is two connected lines. It could also be called as a dot in motion. Lines are an essential element of any design. It is the noticeable starting place for most artistic creation. Eyes tend to follow lines in an image. Through lines we can lead viewers’ eyes in a particular direction. Kinds of lines: Vertical lines | Horizontal lines | Diagonal lines | Zigzag lines | Curved lines | Actual and implied lines.

Elements of Design

SHAPE: A shape is a closed area. A shape is a two dimensional object that stands out from the background because of a defined or implied boundary.

FORM: A form is a shape that has depth along with its height, width.

SPACE: Space refers to the area that a shape or form occupies. It also refers to the background against which we see the shape or form. Space can be defined as positive and negative. The positive space of a design is the filled space in the design—often it is the shapes that make up the design. The negative space enhances the positive space.

COLOUR: Colour is a quality of an object which is caused due to the light being reflected or emitted by the object. A colour scheme communicates the message behind the design on both visual and psychological levels.

TEXTURE: Texture is the way a surface feels, or the way it's perceived to feel. It has the power to attract or detract a viewer's eyes. There are two types of textures: tactile and visual. Tactile textures are three-dimensional and can be felt. Visual textures are illusions of texture created.

FONTS: Font refers to the specific style of a typeface. Arial Black is a font of the Arial typeface/font family. Minion Pro Italic is a font belonging to the Minion typeface/font family.

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Art as Representation

In different times and in different places and in different context Art critiques, thinkers have made efforts to understand the underlying essence of a piece of Art. Most were limited to their own times and philosophy of the world and human persons. Fortkochi, Kerala They were at finding ‘necessary conditions’ and ‘sufficient conditions’ for the truth of the statement that an item is an ‘art work’ . We go back to the first of such an attempt. It was the Greeks who first said, Art is Imitation of nature. And they broadened it saying, Art is Representation. Study the PDF below. (to be used for educational purposes only) Art as Representation PDF Most art we do and we encounter on a day today basis are all imitation of nature. Those who are able to do it best are the best artists. What makes them to be candidates for Art is the attribute of Verisimilitude they posses. More similar they are better they are appreciated. Nothing is an artwork, unless it is an imita

Art as Expression

For centuries, representation was taken to be the central, defining feature of art. The emphasis of Representation theories of art was on the outward aspects of things. In a loose sense of the word, art was primarily concerned with the objective features of the “ external ” world. By the mid 19 th century, artists began to turn inward ; they explored their own subjective experiences. Even while depicting landscapes (external realities) they attempted to register their reactions - the way they felt - about the landscapes. (they were not just mirroring nature) Artists were becoming more attentive to the subjective or “inner” world of experience . That gives birth to a new art theory, “Art as Expression”. Study the PDF below (to be used for educational purposes only) Art as Expression PDF Impressionism, though its an independent art movement, expressed more of the impressions of the passing moment and qualities of light as seen by subjective artists. We can see the beginning

WHAT IS ART? Introductory Discussions

What is art? How do we find ‘ necessary conditions’ and ‘sufficient conditions’ for the truth of the statement that an item is an ‘art work ’? Art-work Vs. Mere real thing Study the PDF below. (to be used for educational purposes only) Art PDF In Indian Epistemology, when its complicated to name or define a thing or force, we don't say what it is. We instead say what it is not. Its expressed as neti neti (not this, not this). Here too we look around us and see everything that exists. Everything that exists is broadly categorised into two. 1. Nature : those that are already there. They came about through the big bang or creation or evolution whichever. In other words they are naturally there. That which is nature is not ART. Thus rivers, trees, pets, wild animals, human beings etc. etc. fall out of the umbrella of art. 2. Culture : Those that have come into being through human creation or intervention. Art is part of culture. though everything in culture is not art. Th

Early History of Cinema

The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed the birth and rapid evolution of cinema as a new artistic and technological medium. Lets us examine the key innovations, pioneers, and early milestones that shaped the beginnings of cinema, from its precursors in motion photography to the establishment of narrative filmmaking techniques. Study the PDF below (for academic use only) History of Cinema PDF The foundations of cinema can be traced to experiments in capturing and displaying motion through photography. In 1878, Eadweard Muybridge's groundbreaking "The Horse in Motion" used multiple cameras to decompose the movement of a galloping horse into a sequence of still images. This technique presaged the fundamental principle of cinema - the illusion of motion created by rapidly displaying a series of static images. A pivotal moment came in 1888 with Louis Le Prince's "Roundhay Garden Scene." At just 2.11 seconds long, it is recognised by the Guinness Book of

Art Movements: Modern Art to Contemporary Art

There is no precise definition of the term Modern Art: it remains an elastic term, which can accommodate a variety of meanings. Art historically, Modern Art means works produced during the approximate period 1870-1970. A s per artistic style, traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation . A tendency away from the narrative (which was characteristic for the traditional arts). Inclination towards abstraction is characteristic of much modern art. Study the PDFs below (only for academic purpose) Art Movements: Modern Art to Contemporary Art Part I PDF Art Movements: Modern Art to Contemporary Art Part II PDF Impressionism Originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence. Eventually became the world's most famous painting movement. Paved the way for the wholly non-naturalist abstract art of the 20th century. Impressionism focused on the almost impossible task of capturing fleeting moments

Photography: A Brief History

Camera Obscura Effect The concept of photography began with idea of Camera Obscura. Aristotle (384-322 BC) had spoken about it as a philosophical idea, but never went on to build one. Study the PDF below For Academic purposes only Photography: Brief History PDF Pinhole Camera The first photographic equipment was the pinhole camera. It is a simple camera/box/chamber (light=proof box) without a lens but with a tiny aperture/opening. Invented in the 10 th century, by Ibn al-Haitham (Egyptian Scientist). Here the Light from a scene passes through the aperture and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box, which is known as the camera obscura effect. Camera Obscura A pinhole camera with a lens for its tiny opening. Artists used it to get the shape and proportion of images right. Scientists kept discovering and using better optics and lenses to manipulate the image. Images kept improving, but not able to retain images permanently. First Recorded, and Surv

Photojournalism: News Photography

Photographs of happenings that have news values, and reported immediately. Photography of unexpected occurrences / spot news, or breaking news. Most news photographs also have documentary value. Thus serious news photographers are also documentary photographers. Study the PDF below (for academic use only) News Photography PDF Why do we need news photography? The story becomes tangible with a picture: A picture can let the reader see what a person, or a place, or a building, or an event looks like. The picture shows the news. The page becomes attractive and inviting to read: Newspapers without pictures do not make the news easy to read. A page without a picture is just a slab of grey text. It looks boring and many people will not bother to read what is written on it. Provides evidence for the event reported: Since the readers can see it with their own eyes, the photograph takes them to the place of action, and familiarizes them with people and happenings. Two types of News Photos Th

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